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实践反思

新课程理念下高中英语语法教学案例

录入者:netlab  人气指数: 次  发布时间:2010年01月29日

 

在新课程理念下,英语语法还要不要学?要怎样学?应该说,这是困扰很多英语教师的一个老话题。

  毋庸置疑,对于把英语作为外语的中国学生来说,很少人会有学习英语的优化环境,习得理论便很难奏效,因而,从语法上入手,便不失为一种相对的捷径了。

  高中英语新课程的总目标就是培养学生综合运用英语的能力,提倡学以致用。所以,在中学英语语法教学中,应关注学生的学习和认知过程,注重学生思维能力的培养,并力求把语言形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来。基于此因,笔者设计和实际操作了一个语法教学案例,特呈托与下,以求能与同仁商榷。

  语法项目:宾语补足语

  教学目标:宾语补足语的认知与掌握

教学过程:呈现(认知)——辨识(发现与探究)——归纳(分类梳理)——巩固(学以致用)

   Ⅰ. 从教材例句入手,从认知到理解过渡

  1.认知——辩识

  简短地对宾语补足语的概念交代之后,让学生自己从课文中找出学过的带有宾语补足语的句子,使学生初步认知宾语补足语的形式和结构。这一步的关键是鼓励同学们感知和发现,而不是直接告之答案。

  Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.

  So to their surprise the three countries found themselves united.

  They were going to get Ireland connected to the other three.

  I raised my voice to make myself heard.

  2.辩识——拓展

  引导学生归纳总结过去分词作宾语补足语的用法,引导式地列出其他常接宾语补足语的动词:

  have, get, make, leave等带有“致使”含义的动词。

  see, hear, watch, feel, think, find, notice, observe等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。

  like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”、“要求”等含义的动词。

  3.拓展——理解

  再以口头或笔头翻译的形式,给出学生一些具体实例,让学生练习的同时,推动其学习认知、理解到运用的过程。

  He painted the wall white.

  They named their daughter Mary.

  Please make yourself at home.

  Don’t leave me behind.

  She smelt something burning and saw some smoke rising

  Yesterday she had her wallet stolen when she was doing shopping.

  If I get further information, I’ll get you informed.

  When I came into the classroom, I found it cleaned.

  4. 梳理——总结

    引导学生思考以往学过的一些有关其它宾语补足语的用法,引出“with+宾语+补语”的结构,运用知识迁移,拓宽思路,总结规律。

    这时,我认为用Power point显示给学生含有with 符合宾语的句子效果更好。因为其步骤能够分层次体现出来。在放映的过程中,如果有学生不清楚,还能达到启发或引导的作用。

     I went out with the window open.(形容词作宾补)

     He was working there with only a shirt on. (副词作宾补)

     She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. (介词短语作宾补)

     With nothing to do, I went out for a walk. (不定式作宾补)

     With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch. (过去分词作宾补)

     With so many people communicating in English every day, we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. (现在分词作宾补)

    Ⅱ. 注重语法意义的练习,专项巩固

  经过总结规律,学生已明白并基本会灵活运用这一语法知识,我便创设了四个情景,让学生进行有意义的、句子层面的操练:

  1.What will you do when your hair is long?

  2.Your bicycle is broken. What are you going to do?

  3.National Day is coming. You have no time to arrange your trip to Shanghai. What can you do?

  4.You had many photos taken when you were in Europe. But you can’t still show them to your friends now, why?

    口头的操练完成,便可以笔头的形式强化:

    1.当我到家时,我发现窗户打破了。

    2.昨天我把房间清扫干净了。

    3.我看见那个孩子让人打了。

    4.星期天我得让人把电脑修一下。

    5.他将给女儿做一次X光透视。

    6.他到家时,发现门被锁了。

    Ⅲ. 注重语用层面的练习,灵活运用

  此时,我便指导学生造句或语篇接龙,鼓励他们运用所学语法知识进行真实交际和语篇层面的运用。(Make up a story, using as many past participles as possible. The beginning of the story is as follows:)

A: One day, Mr. and Mrs. Smith came back home from work very late. When they entered their house, to their surprise, they found….

B: The city found itself flooded over a night. So many terrified people were walking on the water-covered road. They found a frightened girl near a pub, trembling. All the drivers found their car engines….

C: …

评价与反思:

    这节语法课的目的是帮助学生掌握宾语补足语的用法,重点是过去分词作宾补的用法。还拓展了with 复合结构。整节课的教学活动都能从学生的学习,感知,探究的角度去操作,体现了新课标的要求。整堂课的教学过程比较完整,流畅。设计也不同于传统的语法课,较有创意。

  在课堂上,摆脱了传统语法教学中教师要扮演语法讲解者的角色,积极地引导、启发,给学生提供了大量的机会和语境感知语言,发现规律,鼓励学生在不同层面上运用语言,使学生对语法意义,功能和运用有了较深刻的理解,很好地实现了教学目标。

  另外,在设计教学时,不仅关注单句层面上练习和应用,而且注意到语篇层面上的应用,有利于培养学生运用正确的语言形式表达自己的思想,真正做到学以致用。但由于课堂时间的限制,学生的参与面还不够,我将为此作进一步的探究。